AMERICAN GOVERNMENT /美国政府

A. Principals of American Democracy/美国民主原则

1. What is the suspanme law of the land?/美国的最高法律是什么？
答：The Constitution /宪法

2. What does the Constitution do?/宪法的作用是什么？
答：Sets up the government /建立政府体制
答：Defines the government /定义政府
答：Protects basic rights of Americans保护美国人的基本权利

3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? /宪法的前三个字说明自治的概念。这三个字是什么？
答：We the People /我们人民

4. What is an amendment?/什么是修正案？
答：A change (to the Constitution) /（宪法的）更正
答：An addition (to the Constitution) /（宪法的）补充

5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?/宪法的前十项修正案称为什么？
答：The Bill of Rights /权利法案

*6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment? /列举宪法第一条修正案中的一项权利或自由
答：Speech /言论自由
答：Religion /宗教自由
答：Assembly /集会结社的自由
答：Press /出版自由
答：Petition the government /向政府请愿的自由

7. How many amendments does the Constitution have? /宪法有几条修正案？
答：Twenty-seven (27) /二十七(27) 条

8. What did the Declaration of Independence do?/《独立宣言》的作用是什么？
答：Announced our independence (from Great Britain) /宣布美国（脱离英国而）独立
答：Declared our independence (from Great Britain) /宣告美国（脱离英国而）独立
答：Said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) / 表示美国（脱离英国而）独立

9. What are two rights in the Declarationof Independence?/列举《独立宣言》中的两项权利？
答：Life / 生命（的权利）
答：Liberty /自由（的权利）

答：Pursuit of happiness /追求幸福（的权利）

10. What is freedom of religion?/什么是宗教自由？
答：You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. /你可以信仰任何宗教，也可以不信仰任何宗教

*11. What is the economic system in the United States?/美国的经济制度是什么？
答：Capitalist economy /资本主义经济
答：Market economy /市场经济

12. What is the “rule of law”?/“法治”是什么？
答：Everyone must follow the law. /人人都应遵守法律
答：Leaders must obey the law. /领导人必须遵守法律
答：Government must obey the law. /政府必须遵守法律
答：No one is above the law. /没有任何人在法律之上

B. System of Government/政府体制

*13. Name one branch or part of the government./列举政府体制的一个分支或部门
答：Congress /国会
答：Legislative /立法部门
答：President /总统
答：Executive /行政部门
答：The courts /法院
答：Judicial /司法部门

14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?/什么防止一个政府分支变得过于强大？
答：Checks and balances /制衡
答：Separation of powers /权力分立

15. Who is in charge of the executive /谁负责行政部门？
答：The President /总统

16. Who makes federal laws?/谁制定联邦法律？
答：Congress /国会
答：Senate and House (of Respansentatives)/参议院和众议院
答：(U.S. or national) legislature /（美国或国家）立法部门

*17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?/美国国会由哪两个部分组成？
答：The Senate and House (of Respansentatives) /参议院与众议院

18. How many U.S. Senators are there?/美国参议员有几位？
答：One hundred (100) /一百(100) 位

19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?/我们选出的美国参议员任职多少年？
答：Six (6) /六年

*20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators?/您所在州的现任一位美国参议员的名字是什么？
答：请点击查看您所在州的现任参议员。

21. The House of Respansentatives has how many voting members?/众议院中有投票权的众议员有几位？
答：Four hundred thirty-five (435) /四百三十五(435) 位

22. We elect a U.S. Respansentative for how many years?/我们选出的美国众议员任职多少年？
答：Two (2) /两（2）年

23. Name your U.S. Respansentative./列举您所在选区的美国众议员的名字？
答：请点击查看您所在州的议员名字。

24. Who does a U.S. Senator respansent?/美国参议员代表何人？
答：All people of the state /其所在州的所有人民。

25. Why do some states have more Respansentatives than other states? /为什么有些州的众议员人数比其他州多？
答：(because of) the state’s population/（由于）该州的人口。
答：(because) they have more people /（由于）该州有更多人口。
答：(because) some states have more people /（由于）该州的人口比其他州多

26. We elect a President for how many years?/我们选出的总统任职多少年？
答：Four (4) /四(4) 年

*27. In what month do we vote for President?/我们在哪一个月份选总统？
答：November /十一月

*28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?/现任美国总统的名字是什么？
答：Joe Biden /乔·拜登

29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?/现任美国副总统的名字是什么？
答：Kamala Harris/卡玛拉·哈里斯

30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?/如果总统不能视事，则由谁成为总统？
答：the Vice President /副总统

31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?/如果总统和副总统都不能视事，则由谁成为总统？
答：the Speaker of the House /众议院议长

32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the Military? /谁是三军统帅？
答：the President /总统

33. Who signs bills to become laws?/谁签署法案使之成为法律？
答：the President /总统

34. Who vetoes bills? /谁否决法案？
答：the President /总统

35. What does the President’s Cabinet do?/总统的内阁做什么事？
答：advises the President /向总统提出建议

36. What are two Cabinet-level positions?/两个内阁级别的职位是什么？
答：Secretary of Agriculture /农业部长
答：Secretary of Commerce /商务部长
答：Secretary of Defense /国防部长
答：Secretary of Education /教育部长
答：Secretary of Energy /能源部长
答：Secretary of Health and Human 健康与人类服务部长
答：Secretary of Homeland Security /国土安全部长
答：Secretary of Housing and Urban 住宅与都市发展部长
答：Secretary of Interior /内政部长
答：Secretary of State 国务卿
答：Secretary of Transportation/交通部长
答：Secretary of Treasury /财政部长
答：Secretary of Veterans’ Affairs /退伍军人事务部长
答：Secretary of Labor /劳工部长
答：Attorney General /司法部长
答：Vice President /副总统

37. Does the judicial branch do?/司法部门做什么？
答：Reviews laws /审查法律
答：Explains laws /解释法律
答：Resolves disputes (disagreements)/解决争论（意见不一致）
答：Decides if a law goes against the Constitution /决定某一法律是否抵触宪法

38. What is the highest court in the United States? /美国最高法院是什么？
答：The Suspanme Court /联邦最高法院

39. How many justices are on the Suspanme Court? /最高法院有几位大法官？
答：Nine (9) / 9 位

40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States? /美国首席大法官是谁？
答：John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.)/约翰?罗伯兹（小约翰G.罗伯兹)

41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? /根据我国宪法，有些权力属于联邦政府。联邦政府的一项权力是什么？
答：to print money /印制钞票
答：to declare war /宣战
答：to create an army /创立军队
答：to make treaties /签订条约

42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? /根据我国宪法，有些权力属于州政府。州政府的一项权力是什么？
答：Provide schooling and education /提供学校及教育
答：provide protection (police) /提供保护(警察)
答：Provide safety (fire departments) /提供安全（消防局）
答：Give a driver’s license /核发驾驶执照
答：Approve zoning and land use /批准区划与土地使用

43. Who is the Governor of your state?/您居住州的现任州长是谁？
答：请点击查看您所在州的现任州长。

*44. What is the capital of your state?/你所在州的首府为何？
答：请点击查看你所在州的首府。

*45. What are the two major political parties in the United States? / 美国当今两大政党为何？
答：Democratic and Republican /民主党和共和党

46. What is the political party of the President now? /现任总统属于哪个政党？
答：Democratic(Party) /民主党

47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Respansentatives now?/众议院的议长是谁？
答：Nancy Pelosi/南希·佩洛西

C. Rights and Responsibilities/权力与责任

48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them./宪法中有四个关于谁可以投票的修正案。试举一个。
答：Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote). /十八(18) 岁以上的公民（可以投票）
答：You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote. /您投票不必缴钱（缴投票税）
答：Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.) /任何公民都可以投票（男性与女性都可以投票）
答：A male citizen of any race (can vote) 任何种族的男性公民（都可以投票）

*49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? 列举一项美国公民才有的责任？
答：Serve on a jury /当陪审员
答：Vote /在联邦选举中投票

50. Name one right only for United States citizens./列举一项美国公民才享有的权利
答：Vote in a federal election /在联邦选举中投票的权利
答：Run for federal office /竞选公职的权利

51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? 每一个住在美国的人享有的两项权利是什么？
答：Freedom of exspanssion /表达自由
答：Freedom of speech /言论自由
答：Freedom of assembly /集会结社的自由
答：Freedom to petition the government/向政府请愿自由
答：Freedom of worship /宗教崇拜的自由
答：The right to bear arms /持有武器的自由

52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? 当我们宣誓效忠时，是向什么表达忠诚？
答：the United States /美利坚合众国
答：The flag /国旗

53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? /当您成为美国公民时做出的一项承诺是什么？
答：Give up loyalty to other countries /放弃效忠其他国家
答：Defend the Constitution and laws of the United States /护卫美国的宪法及法律
答：Obey the laws of the United States/遵守美国的法律
答：Serve in the U.S. military (if needed) 必要时）加入美国军队
答：Serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed) /（必要时）为国效劳（为国做重要工作）
答：Be loyal to the United States /效忠美国

*54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President? /美国公民必须几岁才能投票选举总统？
答：Eighteen (18) and older /十八(18) 岁以上

55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy?/美国人参与民主政治的两种方法是什么？（注：回答下列任何两项即可）
答：Vote /投票
答：Join a political party /加入政党
答：Help with a campaign /协助竞选活动
答：Join a civic group /加入公民团体